Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller Visual Artist of the Harlem Renaissance

Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller was born Meta Vaux Warrick on June 9, 1877, in Philadelphia. Her parents, Emma Jones Warrick and William H. Warrick, were entrepreneurs who owned a hair salon and barbershop. Her father was an artist with an interest in sculpture and painting, and from an early age, Fuller was interested in visual art. She attended J. Liberty Tadd’s art school. In 1893, Fuller’s work was chosen to be in the World’s Columbian Exposition. As a result, she received a scholarship to the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art. Here, Fuller’s passion for creating sculptures developed. Fuller graduated in 1898, receiving a diploma and teacher’s certificate. Studying Art in Paris The following year, Fuller traveled to Paris to study with Raphaà «l Collin. While studying with Collin, Fuller was mentored by painter Henry Ossawa Tanner. She also continued to develop her craft as a sculptor at Academie Colarossi while sketching at Ecole des Beaux-Arts. She was  influenced by the conceptual realism of Auguste Rodin, who declared, â€Å"My child, you are a sculptor; you have the sense of form in your fingers.† In addition to her relationship with Tanner and other artists, Fuller developed a relationship with W.E.B. Du Bois, who inspired Fuller to incorporate African-American themes in her artwork.   When Fuller left Paris in 1903, she had much of her work displayed in galleries throughout the city including a private one-woman exhibit and two of her sculptures, The Wretched and The Impenitent Thief were on display at the Paris Salon.   An African-American Artist in the U.S. When Fuller returned to the U.S. in 1903, her work was not readily embraced by members of the Philadelphia art community. Critics said her work was â€Å"domestic† while others discriminated solely on her race. Fuller continued to work and was the first African-American woman artist to receive a commission from the U.S. government. In 1906, Fuller created a series of dioramas depicting African-American life and culture in the U.S. at the Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition. The dioramas included historical events like the first African slaves being delivered to Virginia in 1619 and Frederick Douglas delivering a commencement address at Howard University. Two years later, Fuller exhibited her work at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In 1910, a fire destroyed many of her paintings and sculptures. For the next ten years, Fuller would work from her home studio, raise a family, and focus on developing sculptures with mostly religious themes. But in 1914 Fuller deviated from religious themes to create Ethiopia Awakening. The statue is considered in many circles as one of the symbols of the Harlem Renaissance. In 1920, Fuller exhibited her work again at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and in 1922, her work appeared at the Boston Public Library. Personal Life and Death Fuller married Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller in 1907. Once married, the couple moved to Framingham, Massachusetts, and had three sons. Fuller died on March 3, 1968, at Cardinal Cushing Hospital in Framingham.

The Persian Gulf War Essay - 907 Words

The Persian Gulf War The war in the Persian Gulf was a war of religious favor, cruel leadership, and greed. Desert Storm or more commonly known ass The Golf War was the same type of war that had accrued in this area for many years except for one fact. In Operation Desert Storm, it was a mix of sophisticated technology and the combined leadership and cooperation from the coalition that was used to end the war in a quick and timely manner. Which in the end probably saved thousands of lives. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1979 Saddam Hussien took control of Iraq, and immediately made his presence known when he killed 21 of his cabinet members. He wanted to make his country whole once again. So in 1990 he invaded Kuwait and in less than†¦show more content†¦The names of a few of the major countries were Australia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and Italy. The war was financed by countries that were unable to send in troops. More than 53 billion was pledged. Saudi Arabia and southern Kuwait were the largest donors. Switzerland also contributed to the allies, after being neutral during both World War I and World War II. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The largest tank battle in the war conclusively showed the superiority of the coalitions tanks new technology that allowed them to attach at an impossible distance where they were basically immune from Iraq fire. Another benefit to the new technology was the new types of metal they were making the tanks out of. It was strong and most importantly light which was necessary for maneuverability reasons. As a whole, the battles showed that the coalition clearly out classed the tactics of the Iraqs emphasized pitched engagements and linear movements as they had been taught by there soviet leaders. In the entire Gulf War Iraq lost around 4,000 tanks and the coalition lost only 4. This quote states the truth about the situation in Desert Storm. quot;Iraq went from the fourth largest army in the world to the second biggest army in Iraq in 100 hours.quot; Said Lieutenant General Tom Kelly. On the final night of the war, within hours of the cease fire, two United States Air Force bombersShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of The Persian Gulf War3306 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction: The Persian Gulf War is one of the most recognized wars in our history of war. The Persian Gulf War included Iraq and Kuwait, and would later involve the United States. For a war to occur there must be a just cause. The United States government needed a just cause to go to war with Iraq in the Persian Gulf War. For the purposes of this paper a question that must be answered is; did the United States have a just cause to go to war with Iraq? 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This war involved theRead MoreA Brief Look at the Persian Gulf War1479 Words   |  6 PagesPersian Gulf War, also called Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region1. The Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein cl aimed as a reason for the invasion a territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab, the waterway whichRead MoreEssay about The Persian Gulf War3279 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Wars have been apart of this world almost as long as anything else has. Even in the Bible days there are records of wars. There are many reasons that states choose to go to war. Sometimes it is for the expansion of a nation or state, other times it is for financial gains, and it also could be for security or defense purposes. 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Persian Gulf War veterans would say, â€Å"American soldiers lost their lives’ for oil.† The first Persian Gulf War startedRead More Causes and Effects of the Persian Gulf War Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of the Persian Gulf War The Persian Gulf War, often referred to as Operation Desert Storm, was perhaps one of the most successful war campaigns in the history of warfare. Saddam Hussein, leader of Iraq, invaded Kuwait in 1990. In 1991, after weeks of air strikes, US ground forces entered Iraq and Kuwait and eliminated Iraqi presence in 60 hours. Why Would Iraq invade Kuwait? Kuwait supplies much of the world’s oil supplies, and when Hussein invaded Kuwait, he controlled

A Raisin in the Sun free essay sample

â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry is a play centered around an African-American family on the Southside of Chicago set after World War II. This groundbreaking play was the first of its kind revolving around the race relations of the middle of the twentieth century. This play has won over many hearts and minds with its intense drama and relevant storyline. This play’s title is off the poem â€Å"Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes, where Mr. Hughes contemplates on what happens to a dream deferred â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? This play’s main theme is dreams of each of the characters. Each character has their own version of how they want the future to be. Also each dream is centered on how the role of money is going to get them there. This essay will establish commentary on how the dreams of each of the characters is related to the title of the play and also the role of money affecting each of the characters. â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† is about a family on the verge of receiving a $10,000 payment from the insurance company after the passing of the former head of the household Walter Sr. The family consists of Walter Lee, his wife Ruth and son Travis, Mama, Beneatha (Walter’s sister). They all live together in a cramped apartment with Travis sleeping on the couch. Each of them have a plan for the money but not everything happens on point as they would like to. Mama wants to buy a new home to complete a dream she had with with her husband. Walter Lee believes that they should buy a liquor store and that would put them out of poverty. Ruth also shares a dream with Mama but she really just wants a better place for Travis to grow up in. Beneatha really just wants for Mama to spend the money on whatever her heart desires, but knows that Mama’s desire is to help pay for Beneathas medical school. With everybody having their own version of a dream, soon they start clashing over their competing dreams. Then after Mama goes out, she puts a down payment on a home in a good neighborhood. She then gives Walter some money to look after and to help pay for Beneathas school. He instead gives the money to his buddy and he runs off with the money. To add insult to injury, the head of the neighborhood welcoming committee comes bearing an offer. He tells them that they would be willing to buy them out on the home because they are unwanted. Walter quickly devises a plan to accept the offer from the man but has a change of heart when Mama forces him to do it in front of his son. He gives an eloquent speech and refuses the offer. Then in the ending of the play, they all move. The play opens with Walter Lee waking up and arguing with his wife. Walter is trying to convince his wife Ruth to envision his dream. Which is to enter a joint partnership with his friends to open a liquor store. Walter works as a chauffeur for a wealthy white man and is tired of seeing the extravagant lifestyles of the rich. Walter is agitated by the fact of their poverty and wants to get out of the predicament he’s living in. Ruth is especially mad at the fact that Walter is having friends over late and calls his friends â€Å"loudmouths†. Walter rebuts and tells her of how his other friend was considered a loudmouth and now is grossing over a hundred thousand dollars a year in the dry cleaning business that Walter failed to enter in. Later on, we see Walter making a verbal contract with his friends for the $10,000. Once Ruth tells Mama about Walter’s dream to get out of being poor by opening a liquor store, Mama quickly refuses to agree with him. His mother tells Ruth that they were not meant to do business or even selling liquor. After Mama refuses to side with Walter, he throws a tantrum and walks out. Eventually he finds out that his mother decided to pursue her dream to buy a house. She hands Walter $6,500 and to look after only $3,500 because the other $3,000 would be for someone else. Walter decides to take all of it and invest it into the liquor store. He believes that it would propel his family into another way of life and he would become the hero of the household. But then slowly like a raisin drying up in the sun, his dream is slowly sucked out of him. He finds that one of his friends hustled the other two and ran off with their money. He lost all of the money which he was responsible for. He quickly devises a plan after a visit from the neighborhood association to take the money for the new home and run. Walter really believes that money is the only thing that would make everyone happy. Mama: Son how come you talk so much bout money? Because its life, Mama! Hansberry 1317). He eventually has a change of heart and â€Å"instead of accepting the money, Walter declares his pride in the six generations of his family that have lived in America† (Frank ardilino 181). Soon his dream is suddenly shifted into keeping Mama happy and providing a roof over his families head. Mama is a humble character. She is the care giving mother of the entire household. She doesn’t really express her dreams to anybody and doesn’t pressure anyone to follow her. She realizes that she is entitled to the money that came from the death of her husband and rightfully does what she pleases. Mama early in the play hates the idea of opening a liquor store. She cant really fathom the fact that she is receiving $10,000. Ruth suggests that she take a trip to Europe or South America. Mama replies by saying shes going to put some money away for Beneathas medical school and find a two story home so Travis can have a nice place to play in the summer time. What really bothers Mama is that she is having a hard time making decisions and adjusting to living without Big Walter. She talks of how he was a great father figure and how when she had a miscarriage he basically worked himself to death. Yes, a fine man—just couldnt never catch up with his dreams, thats all†(Hansberry 1304). she decides to take it upon herself to fulfill their dreams. Her dream was differed and put aside for the family. â€Å"Mama’s Christian response to a lifetime of oppression could be read as â€Å"a syrupy sweet,† as the sugaring over of present realities with the crust of faith and prayer. Hansberry’s characters carry the existential load voiced in Hughes’s poem; yet, while these responses on their own are self-destructive† (568 Matthews). While she doesn’t care much for money as her son does, her idea of everything is freedom. Freedom to do whatever one wants. Eventually in the end she collects her fragile little plant just like her family and takes it to the new house to flourish. While Walter and Mama both have reasonable dreams to do whatever with the money. Beneatha is so far the most interesting character in the whole play. She is the younger sister of Walter and is living with the family. Beneathas dreams is not so much so dependent on the money but more of a cultural dream. She is a student at a local college/university studying to be a doctor. She has riffs with her older brother just like how typical siblings always fight. But what makes the fighting different is how Walter doesn’t see too much value in her future as a doctor. Beneatha is constantly at odds with her being in an American family that doesn’t know their heritage. She is dating two men, one is George Murchison and Joseph Asagai. George is the well off suitor of Beneatha. He has a rich family and he is pretty much blind to the race relations of the day. He is constantly acting better than everyone around him. Joseph Asagai on the other hand is a humble Nigerian in America. Beneatha is constantly trying to have George reject her and he repeatedly berates her. Look honey, were going to the theater—were not going to be in it so go change, huh? †(1320 Hansberry). Beneatha really wants to be with Joseph and embraces his culture. For example, when Joseph come bearing gifts, she soon starts to embrace the Nigerian culture. She hates â€Å"assimilationist Negroes† but is partly one. To her money isn’t everything and all she wants is to find her identity. Unfortunately â€Å"The corpses of Beneatha’s various moves to express her self are littered about the Younger family’s collective consciousness, and they â€Å"stink. Beneatha herself often causes a stink if her means of expressing herself is not applauded by all†(Matthews 568). She cant catch a break just as when Walter says that the NAACP even takes a break sometimes. Her dreams aren’t necessarily â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† but instead stinks like rotten meat. Her views are outrageous and unrealistic. She doesn’t end up finding her self and she must continue on to find herself. Out of all the characters, Ruth most resembles the title. Ruth is the wife of Walter Lee and has a son named Travis. She works as a laborer in other peoples homes. The play describes her as about thirty. We can see she was a pretty girl, even exceptionally so, but now it is apparent that life has been little that she expected, and disappointment has already begun to hang in her face† (1293 Hansberry). Throughout the play she talks about how life isnt always what it seems. It seems as if she has given up. She is tired settled woman. When she is asked about her dream by her husband, she brushes it off. When Mama asks, she sides with Mama buying a new home. One thing that Ruth is confronted with is the pregnancy. She goes out later and puts a five dollar deposit down for an abortion. When accidentally revealing that information, Beneatha quickly starts badgering her about whether it was planned and suddenly Ruth starts feeling sick. She is now confronted with the thought of the baby living with them in an apartment and if they had a home they would be fine. Ruth has lived in the poverty for a long time and her having a child would be either her struggling more or not. Ruth has not been analyzed much even though she has some part in almost all the scenes. What many don’t realize is that she is essentially the one whose dream matters the most. She has taken the care giving responsibility from Mama, she cooks and cleans the house with barely any help from Beneatha, and she still supports her husband and son. While everyone is off expressing their dreams from Big Walter death , she is the only one who doesn’t parade around or fight about the money. She never gets her way only until Mama makes Walter realize that the familys well being comes before his own. Over all Ruths dream does come true without her worrying about the money even though her life previously dried up like a raisin in the sun. A Raisin in the Sun† is a play ahead of its time. It is the epitome of a play that doesn’t step too many boundaries but acknowledges that its there. Hansberry’s art of characterization propels the story. She does not present a black–white conflict per se, but it is always there lingering in the background without sentimentality or propaganda†(Saber 457). There are plenty of topics that push buttons such as abortion and segregation, but those problems dont interfere with all of the characters dreams. They collectively all have a dream for advancement but clash with regards to the money. All of the characters resemble the poem from which the title comes from. Walter is festering like a sore over not advancing in business, Beneathas wanting her family to not assimilate and embrace Africa is stinking like rotten meat. Ruth has dried up with years of taking care of her family and working. Mama is the syrupy sweet that tries to put the good back into her family. We are left with the worry of how they will adjust to a new neighborhood and that thought sags like a heavy load but we wont know if it will explode. A Raisin in the Sun free essay sample A review of Lorraine Hansberrys play A Raisin in the Sun. This paper examines the play A Raisin in the Sun, by African- American playwright Lorraine Hansberry. The paper describes the playwrights life and provides a synopsis of the plays events. The paper states that the moral of this play is as long as people try to do their best for their families, they can lift each other up. Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun was the first play written by a black woman to be produced on Broadway in 1959. Moreover, Hansberry was the youngest and the first black writer to receive the New York Drama Critics Award. She was deeply committed to equality and human rights, and her play approaches important issues and concerns regarding the African-American racial identity and discrimination, and poverty.

Leadership Styles Essay Example

Leadership Styles Essay In studying the various leadership styles, I found that many, if not all of the styles we covered have some degree of relevance to most peoples leadership practices. A few however, seem to stand out from the rest. I will review these various styles individually. The leadership styles and approaches that will be focused upon are: the Trait Approach (Northouse 15), Skills Approach (Northouse 39), Style Approach (Northouse 69) and the Situational Approach (Northouse 89). I will discuss the five questions every leader should ask of themselves when engaging a team to achieve a goal. Lastly, I will look at emotional intelligence leadership skills, also referred to as EQ, (Northouse 23) . Trait Approach The Trait Approach to leadership implies that in order to be an effective leader, there are certain types of characteristics that you would have to be born with. These trait characteristics have been identified by several researchers. In my opinion, the list is so vast, one would be hard pressed to not find at least a few that they could associate with themselves. The ability to stand out among the masses appears to be a qualifier as well. There seem to be some consistent traits present in the leadership evaluations I conducted. They are: intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity and sociability (Northouse 19). While there is much controversy in regard to whether or not one must innately possess these traits, there seems to be an overall agreement that the presence of them make the difference when being considered to be or not to be an effective leader. Skills Approach We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Styles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Styles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Styles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Skills Approach to leadership shares the concept of being based upon characteristics however, it concludes that although ulitmately there are specific characteristics necessary to be a successful leader, there is opportunity to learn and develop these skills. The skills approach concept summizes that there needs to be the presence of three basic administrative skills-technical, human and conceptual. Technical skill relate specifically to knowledge and aptitude to to apply necessary techniques as well as operate specific equipment and software programs. Human skill is the ability to work cohesively with people. Having this skill and being effective at incorporating it into your leadership style is a critical factor to the success of any goal oriented group effort. If you cannot motivate people to complete the tasks at hand, failure would be imminent. The third administrative skill is the ability to be conceptual in your thinking. You must be able to see the big picture in order to be strategic. If one is unable to envision and embrace the overall concept, the company/organization will not succeed in meeting goals. Style Approach The Style Approach focuses primarily on behavior. Behavior in this regard is broken down into two areas. Task oriented and relationship oriented. An efficient leader finds a balance between the two. Having the ability to toggle between these two areas is only half the battle. A leader must also know when it is appropriate to apply one as opposed to the other. There may be circumstances while working toward one goal both practices need to be applied. A good leader should be able to determine when and how that should happen. This style is one that I can clearly relate to. I work in an industry in which a big part of our success lies in our ability to manage relationships. In order to do that, you must be able to determine the type of person you are partnering with and based upon that determination, you must adapt your approach and communication technique. Style questionnaire, Situational Approach The Situational Approach to leadership is one that I am quite familiar with however, it is one that I don’t necessarily think I embrace to the degree that I should. I find myself thinking that if a person has been hired to perform certain duties, there should be a core competency level present that enables them to complete the tasks they are assigned. I have always been opposed to micro-managing and the Situational Style of leadership felt similar to that practice. This leadership style calls for me to take who I am leading and what their abilities are and what degree of dircection I determine they would require to complete the tasks at hand without becoming frustrated by either lack of direction or lack of empowerment. If I had to equate it, I would say that it is similar to driving a stick shift. I need to know when to put my foot on the gas and when to push the clutch to get into gear. Five Leadership Questions As a leader, there are 5 questions one must ask oneself when engaging a team to achieve a goal. First, determine and take into consideration what is already working. There is an old saying if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it. If there are tried and true practices and tactics that have led to achieving goals, and the goal itself has not changed, there is no need to re-create the wheel. Secondly, clarity is necessary in regard what variables drove the success. If you cannot pinpoint what varibles moved the dial, you cant give effective direction to a team in terms of the best path to take. Third, knowing the objective is necessary to answer the first two questions accurately. If the objective is fuzzy, there is no way to determine the best way to reach point of arrival. Fourth is defining the benfits of reaching goal for stakeholders. These include self-gratification, organizational profitability, bonuses, budget approval and respect of colleagues to name a few. The fiifh question that is necessary tto ask is what more can be done, what can be done better and what should be done differently to acheieve the highest level of success. Once this question is posed, empower and encourage the team to share their ideas. Brainstorming sessions are an invaluable forum for developing new concepts and approaches. It is the perfect setting for determining new approaches by providing a wide array of perspectives. Emotional Intelligence Theory Emotional Intelligence –EQ or Emotional Quotient is a behavioral model that manifests 5 key competencies. They consist of being in touch with and aware of your emotions, self-regulation by manging those emotions appropriately, being able to self-motivate, having empathy by being sensitive to the emotions of others and effectively managing relationships. In addition to having a basic awareness of these competencies, it is necessary for to know how to incoporate them into a leadership style. Professional integrity is very important and a good leader will always be mindful of controlling their emotions. An effective leader learns to step back for a moment and realize that they cannot change other peoples behaviors but they can change the way they react to them. I still hold fast to my professional opinion regarding what the I believe the best practices should be, however, learning and understanding how what drives people to do what they do, say what they say and lead like they lead is influenced by how they are â€Å"hard-wired†, has helped me to appreciate the perspective of others as well. Learning about the diversity of leadership styles has helped me appreciate the perspective of others even though they differ from mine.